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2016年中考英语:常用的不规则变化动词形态大全-不规则动词

  ★记忆法二:不规则动词相对于规则动词来说,难记得多,是最难对付的一类词。学生难学,老师难教。幸好它们不是杂乱无章的,可根据其中的一些内部规律来记忆。下面给大家介绍一种归纳记忆法,以期大家在攻克这一难关时,能收到事半功倍的效果。
  一、原形、过去式、过去分词相同:
  cost/cut/hit/hurt/let/put/read/shut
  (细心的你一定会发现,这些词中大多数是以字母t结尾的。)
  二、原形、过去式相同,过去分词不同:
  beat/beat/beaten
  三、原形、过去分词相同,过去式不同:
  come/came/comebecome/became/becomerun/ran/run
  (come,become,属不规则变化,但welcome属规则动词,其过去式、过去分词为:welcomed,welcomed)
  四、过去式,过去分词相同:
  (1)去掉字母组合ee中的一个e
  meet/met/metfeed/fed/fed
  (2)去掉字母组合ee中的一个e,然后再在词尾加t
  feel/felt/feltsleep/slept/slept
  keep/kept/keptsweep/swept/swept
  (3)词尾为的ll去掉一个l加t
  spell/spelt/speltsmell/smelt/smeltspill/spilt/spilt
  (4)过去式和过去分词以aught或ought结尾
  catch/caught/caughtteach/taught/taughtbring/brought/brought
  buy/bought/boughtthink/thought/thought
  (5)将stand改为stood
  stand/stood/stoodunderstand/understood/understood
  (6)将ay改为aid
  lay/laid/laidpay/paid/paidsay/said/said
  (7)将d改为t
  lend/lent/lentsend/sent/sent
  spend/spent/spentbuild/built/built
  (8)将i改为a,o,u等
  sit/sat/satspit/spat/spat
  dig/dug/dugwin/won/won
  (9)将ell改为old
  tell/told/toldsell/sold/sold
  (10)词尾加t
  learn/learnt/learntmean/meant/meant
  dream/dreamt/dreamtspoil/spoilt/spoilt
  (11)有两种过去式和过去分词,一种是不规则的,一种是规则的:
  learn/learnt/learntlearn/learned/learned
  shine/shone/shoneshine/shined/shined
  hang/hung/hunghang/hanged/hanged
  smell/smelt/smeltsmell/smelled/smelled
  burn/burnt/burntburn/burned/burned
  light/lii/litlight/lighted/lighted
  (12)其它
  have(has)/had/hadhear/heard/heard
  shoot/shot/shotlose/lost/lost
  hold/held/heldget/got/got(AmEgotten)
  find/found/foundmake/made/made
  leave/left/left
  五、三者均不同:
  (1)过去式以ew结尾、过去分词以own结尾
  blow/blew/blownfly/flew/flown
  grow/grew/grownknow/knew/known
  throw/threw/thrown
  值得注意的是:
  show/showed/shown或showeddraw/drew/drawn
  (2)改i为a变成过去式、改i为u变成过去分词
  begin/began/begundrink/drank/drunk
  ring/rang/rungsing/sang/sung
  swim/swam/swumsink/sank/sunk
  (3)改i为o变成过去式,过去分词以n结尾
  drive/drove/drivenwrite/wrote/written
  rise/rose/risenride/rode/ridden
  (4)原形后加n变成过去分词
  drive/drove/drivenrise/rose/riseneat/ate/eaten
  give/gave/givenfall/fell/fallen
  (5)过去式后加n变成过去分词
  break/broke/brokenchoose/chose/chosen
  freeze/froze/frozenmistake/mistook/mistaken
  steal/stole/stolenspeak/spoke/spoken
  take/took/takenwake/woke/woken(或woke)
  (6)其它
  be/was或were/beendo/did/doneforget/forgot/forgotten
  go/went/gonehide/hid/hiddensee/saw/seen
  wear/wore/worn
  六、有两种过去式和过去分词,但词义相同。
  wake/woke/woken(或woke)wake/waked/waked
  sink/sank/sunksink/sunk/sunken
  七、动词因其过去式、过去分词有两种形式而产生不同词义:
  shine、hang的两种过去式和过去分词:
  shone/shone照耀shined/shined擦亮
  hung/hung悬挂hanged/hanged绞死
  八、两个既可以做过去式,又可以做动词原形的词
  lie躺卧lay/lain/lying(现在分词)
  lay放,下蛋laid/laid/laying
  find找到、发现find/found/found
  found创建,成立found/founded/founded
  九、根据动词之间的词义联系来记忆
  (一)词义相对:
  (1)come/came/come来go/went/gone去
  (2)give/gave/given给get/got/got(AmEgotten)获得
  (3)sleep/slept/slept睡觉wake/woke/woken(或woke)
  或wake/waked/waked醒来
  (4)rise/rose/risen上升、上涨、升起fall/fell/fallen下降、落下、倒下
  sink/sank/sunksink/sunk/sunken沉下,(使)下沉
  (5)buy/bought/bought买sell/sold/sold出售,卖
  (6)take/took/taken带去bring/brought/brought带来
  (7)teach/taught/taught教learn/learnt/learnt
  或learn/learned/learned学习、学会
  (8)lose/lost/lost丢失、失败find/found/found找到
  win/won/won赢得、(获)胜
  (9)stand/stood/stood站、立sit/sat/sat坐
  (10)send/sent/sent送、寄、发送get/got/got获得、收到
  (二)词义相近:
  (1)beat/beat/beaten打,打败win/won/won赢得、获胜
  (2)understand/understood/understood懂,了解
  know/knew/known知道,了解,认识
  (3)get/got/got(AmEgotten)变成、成为、变得
  become/became/become变成,成为,变得
  go/went/gone变成turn/turned/turned变成
  (4)spend/spent/spent花费、度过
  pay/paid/paid支付、交纳
  cost/cost/cost花费、价值为
  take/took/taken花费
  (5)say/said/said说、讲
  speak/spoke/spoken说、演讲
  tell/told/told告诉、说、吩咐、断定
  talk/talked/talked谈话,讲,谈论,议论

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